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In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, India has reiterated its support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity while maintaining a balanced approach to its relations with Russia. Economic exchanges between India and Ukraine have seen positive momentum, with discussions aimed at boosting trade volumes and exploring new avenues for collaboration. Additionally, defense cooperation has emerged as a key area of partnership, with India expressing interest in enhancing defense ties and exploring opportunities for joint production and technology transfer. The restoration of trade and cooperation is a testament to the resilience of their partnership despite external challenges. It underscores the importance of maintaining diplomatic and economic relations in the face of geopolitical tensions, while also paving the way for future collaboration and mutual benefit.
Source: GLOBSEC
HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIA
The historical relationship between India, Ukraine, and Russia is multifaceted. India has maintained longstanding diplomatic ties with both Ukraine and Russia, rooted in shared historical, cultural, and strategic connections. During the Soviet era, India enjoyed close relations with the USSR, which included substantial economic, military, and scientific cooperation. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, India continued its engagement with Russia while establishing diplomatic relations with newly independent Ukraine.
Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 had a significant impact on bilateral relations between India and Ukraine. While India expressed concern over the conflict, it maintained a balanced approach due to its historically close ties with Russia. However, the invasion prompted India to reevaluate its relations with Ukraine, emphasizing support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The crisis highlighted the importance of diversifying India's strategic partnerships and reducing dependence on Russia. As a result, India and Ukraine sought to strengthen their bilateral cooperation, particularly in trade and defense, while navigating the complexities of the conflict's geopolitical implications.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TALK
External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar met with his Ukrainian counterpart, Dmytro Kuleba, who was on an official visit to India and said that he is looking forward to discussions with the leader. During Kuleba's visit, bilateral ties as well as cooperation on regional and global issues of mutual interest were discussed.
Official engagements of the visiting leader included meetings with External Affairs Minister Jaishankar, and Deputy National Security Advisor Vikram Misri to discuss matters pertaining to the bilateral partnership and cooperation on regional and global issues of mutual interest according to the Ministry of External Affairs.
“We paid specific attention to the Peace Formula and the next steps on the path of its implementation,” Kuleba said, referring to an initiative that requires Russian forces to withdraw from all Ukrainian territory.
Jaishankar said his meeting with Kuleba focused on the ongoing conflict and its wider ramifications, and they “exchanged views on various initiatives in that context,” according to a post on X. The two sides also discussed ways to increase trade at an inter-governmental meeting. The meeting between EAM Jaishankar and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kuleba focused on fostering constructive dialogue and strengthening bilateral relations including in areas such as trade and investment, science and technology, defence, agriculture, health, culture and education.
Source: X
COMMITMENT TO PEACE
Ukraine has been actively seeking support for its peace plan, notably from India, amidst the ongoing conflict with Russia. The proposed peace formula emphasizes a diplomatic resolution, calling for a ceasefire, withdrawal of Russian troops, and negotiations mediated by international bodies. India's endorsement of Ukraine's peace efforts is significant given its historical ties with Russia and its growing engagement with Ukraine. By rallying support from diverse global actors, including India, Ukraine aims to bolster its diplomatic leverage and advance towards a peaceful resolution of the conflict. India's backing underscores its commitment to upholding international norms and principles, while also acknowledging the importance of a stable and secure Ukraine for regional stability. This alignment with Ukraine's peace plan reflects India's evolving diplomatic stance on the crisis and its aspirations for a peaceful resolution.
Source: The Economic Times
POTENTIAL ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant portion of India's exports to Ukraine, amounting to about US$375 million annually.
Joint Ventures and Research: Cooperation in joint ventures and research and development in pharmaceuticals and bio-pharmaceuticals presents an opportunity for both countries.
Infrastructure Development: Ukraine's road network has been undergoing improvements, with substantial investments allocated for road repairs, presenting opportunities for infrastructure development and collaboration.
Agricultural Exports: Ukraine has been exporting wheat, corn, sunflower oil, and barley to various regions, creating opportunities for agricultural trade with India and other countries.
Transportation: With the need to find new trade corridors due to the conflict, there are opportunities for enhancing transportation infrastructure and logistics to support trade operations.
Diversification of Defense Procurement: India has been diversifying its defense procurement away from Russia, creating opportunities for collaboration with other countries like France and Israel, which could extend to Ukraine as well.
Trade Growth: The trade relations between India and Ukraine have seen significant growth over the years, with bilateral trade exceeding US$3.1 billion during 2005-2006. More than 17 bilateral agreements have been signed between the two countries, covering various sectors like science and technology, space research, and promotion of investments India exports chemicals, equipment, machines, and engines to Ukraine, while Ukraine imports drugs, pharmaceuticals, ores, minerals, and other products from India. A small but vibrant Indian community resides in Ukraine, mainly composed of business professionals and students, with about 18,000 Indian students studying in Ukraine, particularly in the field of medicine.
Source: Fortune India
Indian enterprises possess the capacity to make a substantial contribution to the post-conflict reconstruction endeavors in Ukraine, specifically in domains like natural resources, military expertise, education, and commerce connections. Lithium, one of the many natural resources rich in Ukraine, is vital to the country's green transition. The lithium mines in Ukraine and other commercially significant mineral reserves can be of interest to Indian businesses. India would also be interested in Ukraine's military experience, especially in the Black Sea, considering China's increasing assertiveness in the area. India's defense industry may benefit from Ukraine's experience in creating and deploying assault drones as well as its innovative application of military technology against a more formidable foe. Indians have long been studying in Ukraine, with a specialty in medicine.
GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS
India's position on the Ukraine-Russia conflict carries significant geopolitical implications, particularly due to its historically close ties with Russia. Despite facing criticism and pressure, India has adopted a nuanced stance of neutrality and strategic autonomy. Various factors have shaped India's response: India's stance demonstrates a delicate balance between its strategic interests, including concerns about an increasingly assertive China. By maintaining relations with Russia, India aims to keep Moscow neutral in its conflicts with Beijing and secure a cost-effective military supply chain. India heavily relies on Russia for spare parts and ammunition, making it cautious about jeopardizing its defense capabilities by openly criticizing Moscow. This reliance has influenced India's diplomatic approach to the conflict. The war's impact on global food security and disrupted supply chains has led India to prioritize its economic well-being and energy security. India's decision to purchase discounted Russian oil amidst rising prices reflects its focus on domestic economic stability. India's response underscores its commitment to multilateralism and non-alignment. While refraining from direct criticism of Russia, India has subtly expressed its discomfort with Russia's actions and emphasized the importance of dialogue and diplomacy in resolving conflicts. India's stance is influenced by its aspiration to emerge as a major power on the international stage. It seeks to navigate a multipolar world order, leveraging diverse power centers to secure its interests while avoiding entanglements that could hinder its rise. In conclusion, India's approach to the Ukraine-Russia conflict reflects a complex interplay of strategic, economic, and diplomatic considerations. By carefully managing its relations with Russia and safeguarding its national interests, India aims to protect its defense capabilities.
CHALLENGES AND ROAD AHEAD
India and Ukraine have historically enjoyed a robust partnership, but recent events like the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine have put strains on their relationship. To overcome these hurdles and further strengthen their bonds, several approaches and plans can be proposed. First, it is crucial to restore trade ties to pre-pandemic levels. India and Ukraine could discuss perspectives on commerce, healthcare, science and technology, and agricultural cooperation and prepare for the upcoming 7th Intergovernmental Commission meeting. India could also diversify its defense imports to maintain relations with Russia while avoiding backlash for not condemning Russia's actions more forcefully. Expanding collaboration in new domains like military and technical cooperation, high-tech, alternative energy, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, education, tourism, and infrastructure projects can build on the dialogue between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Fortifying the Intergovernmental Commission across all areas including trade, economics, science, technology, industry, and culture can set the agenda for Ukraine-India economic and trade cooperation. Revitalizing high-level visits and furthering people-to-people contacts can also engender trust and deepen ties between the two nations. India could help with Ukraine's post-war reconstruction by investing in natural resources, military experience, education, and economic relations. Cooperating on global and regional matters of mutual interest, encouraging investment, and bolstering diplomatic relations can also reinforce their strategic partnership and expand their influence in international forums. In summary, India and Ukraine can conquer present challenges and further strengthen their bonds by restoring trade, diversifying defense in acquisitions, widening cooperation in new spheres, bolstering the Intergovernmental Commission, re-energizing high-level visits, promoting people-to-people contacts, aiding Ukraine's rebuilding efforts, collaborating on global and regional issues, spurring investment, and intensifying diplomatic ties. These plans and approaches can build trust, deepen cooperation, and enhance their strategic alliance.
CONCLUSION
Rebuilding bridges between India and Ukraine is crucial for fostering peace and prosperity in the region. Strengthening their ties through trade, defense cooperation, education, and mutual investments not only benefits both nations but also contributes to stability and economic growth in the broader region. By overcoming challenges and deepening their partnership, India and Ukraine can set a positive example of international cooperation, paving the way for a more peaceful and prosperous future for all involved.
Authored by Kavya Goyal and Irene
Under the guidance of Research and Outreach Director Liya Jomon
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